Estimator | Formula§ | Reference |
---|---|---|
Basic Distance (BD) estimators | ||
Compound of CI, NN & 2NN (BDAV3) | BDCI = 1/(4 [∑ R(1)i/N]2) | [1] |
 | BDNN = 1/(2.778 [∑ H(1)i/N]2 |  |
 | BD 2N = 1/(2.778 [∑ H(2)i/N]2 |  |
 | BDAV3 = (BDCI + BDNN + BD2N)/3 |  |
Kendall-Moran (KM) estimators | ||
CI and NN Search areas pooled (KMP) | KMP = {[∑ (p i + n i )] - 1}/∑ B i | [5,6] |
CI, NN and 2NN search areas pooled (KM2P) | KM 2P = {[∑ (p i + n i + m i )] - 1}/∑ C i | [5] |
Ordered Distance (OD) estimators | ||
Second Closest Individual (OD2C) | OD 2C = (2N - 1)/π∑ (R(2)i)2 | [7,8] |
Third closest Individual (OD3C) | OD3C = (3N - 1)/π∑ (R(3)i)2 |  |
Angle-Order (AO) estimators | ||
Second closest individual in each quadrant (AO2Q) |
| [7,8] |
Third closest individual in each quadrant (AO3Q) |
| [7,8] |
Variable Area Transect (VAT) | ||
Variable Area Transect | V AT = (3N - 1)/(w∑ l i ) | [9] |
Quadrat (QUAD) | ||
Quadrat | QUAD = ∑ q i /l i w i N) | [17] |