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Table 3 R index, standard error of expected mean, s, and z statistic [13] for the data sets used. When the pattern is entirely random R = 1, if the events are uniform then R > 1 (R = 2.149 for a perfect hexagonal uniform distribution) and conversely when the population of events is clumped R < 1 (R approaches 0 for maximally clumped distribution). The z test statistic considers the null hypothesis that the spatial distribution is random. Data sets comparable to those generated in [1] in italics.

From: A comparison of plotless density estimators using Monte Carlo simulation on totally enumerated field data sets

Dataset

R

s

z

Pattern

Hexagonal

2.15

0.003

76.53

Uniform

Rice 3

1.41

0.002

39.57

Uniform

PG 92

1.36

0.067

6.16

Uniform

Bee-eater

1.34

0.086

8.17

Uniform

PG 93

1.3

0.077

4.9

Uniform

Uniform

1.25

0.003

17.34

Uniform

Rice 1

1.08

0.004

6.12

Uniform

Rice 5

1.04

0.016

0.99

Random

Poisson

0.98

0.003

-1.1

Random

Rice 4

0.94

0.013

-1.59

Random

Xanth

0.89

0.017

-4.3

Clumped

Corn 1

0.88

0.014

-8.69

Clumped

Rice 2

0.88

0.019

-2.43

Clumped

Sugar 1

0.83

0.002

-8.15

Clumped

Clump 1

0.8

0.003

-14.79

Clumped

Clump 2

0.8

0.002

-16.34

Clumped

Sugar 3

0.76

0.003

-9.45

Clumped

Corn 2

0.75

0.039

-11.12

Clumped

Sugar 4

0.7

0.011

-6.57

Clumped

Waterfowl

0.65

0.007

-12.6

Clumped

Sugar 2

0.64

0.013

-7.32

Clumped

Corn 3

0.47

0.043

-21.97

Clumped