Fig. 1From: Synergistic impacts by an invasive amphipod and an invasive fish explain native gammarid extinctionInfluence of fish sex on gammarid predation depending on absence or presence of substratum. Index of stomach fullness (ISF) confirms a generally higher predation rate in absence of substratum. No differences between female (white) and male (grey) N. melanostomus were observed. [Asterisks indicate significant differences at p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.001 (***)]. Boxplots represent 25 to 75 % (boxes ) and 5 to 95 % percentiles (whiskers). Circles represent outliers (exceeding 1.5 interquartile range). n = 14: female/substratum absent; n = 8: male/substratum absent; n = 12: female/substratum present; n = 10: male/substratum present)Back to article page