Species–habitat associations in an old-growth temperate forest in northeastern China

BMC Ecology

Table 5 Habitat associations of different shade tolerance and life forms in three life stages within the 30-ha Fenglin permanent plot

	Ridge	Sunny	Shady	Valley shady side	Valley sunny side
Sapling of shade-tolerant shrubs	\	\	+	\	\
Juvenile of shade-tolerant shrubs	\	\	+	\	\
Mature of shade-tolerant shrubs	\	\	\	\	\
Sapling of light-demanding shrubs	\	+	\	\	\
Juvenile of light-demanding shrubs	\	\	\	\	\
Mature of light-demanding shrubs	\	\	\	\	\
Sapling of midtolerant shrubs	\	+	\	\	\
Juvenile of midtolerant shrubs	\	+	\	\	\
Mature of midtolerant shrubs	\	+	\	\	\
Sapling of shade-tolerant trees	\	\	\	\	\
Juvenile of shade-tolerant trees	\	\	\	\	\
Mature of shade-tolerant trees	\	+	\	\	\
Sapling of light-demanding trees	\	\	\	\	\
Juvenile of light-demanding trees	+	\	\	\	\
Mature of light-demanding trees	+	\	\	\	\
Sapling of midtolerant trees	\	+	\	\	\
Juvenile of midtolerant trees	\	+	\	\	+
Mature of midtolerant trees	\	+	\	\	\
Sapling of shrubs	\	+	\	\	\
Juvenile of shrubs	\	+	\	\	\
Mature of shrubs	\	+	\	\	\
Sapling of trees	\	+	\	\	\
Juvenile of trees	\	\	\	\	\
Mature of trees	\	+	\	\	\

ISSN: 1472-6785