Table 1 Summary of the pairwise comparisons of the G-test, indicating significant differences (P < 0.05) between observed frequencies (f) and expected frequencies (f_e) of the nine test species at each microsite

Seedlings

 G. struthium

8 (11)

6 (3)

2.51

0.057

8 (14)

14 (8)

5.83

< 0.01

6 (7)

14 (13)

0.11

0.372

 H. squamatum

2 (21)

26 (7)

61.71

< 0.001

2 (29)

45 (18)

72.14

< 0.001

26 (24)

45 (47)

0.33

0.284

 H. syriacum

6 (10)

7 (3)

74.98

< 0.001

6 (25)

35 (16)

202.94

< 0.001

7 (14)

35 (28)

147.02

< 0.001

 T. vulgaris

43 (76)

56 (23)

49.27

< 0.001

43 (90)

103 (56)

62.88

< 0.001

56 (53)

103 (106)

0.23

0.314

 R. officinalis

18 (24)

14 (8)

6.25

< 0.01

18 (27)

25 (16)

7.02

< 0.01

14 (13)

25 (26)

0.11

0.371

 H. stoechas

6 (7)

3 (2)

0.43

0.255

6 (33)

48 (21)

60.63

< 0.001

3 (17)

48 (34)

22.79

< 0.001

 L. suffruticosum

21 (34)

23 (10)

16.79

< 0.001

21 (32)

30 (19)

8.90

< 0.01

23 (18)

30 (35)

2.28

0.065

 S. lagascae

5 (6)

3 (2)

0.77

0.190

5 (6)

5 (4)

0.58

0.223

3 (3)

5 (5)

0.06

0.404

 C. clusii

21 (50)

44 (15)

56.52

< 0.001

21 (46)

54 (29)

35.34

< 0.001

44 (33)

54 (65)

5.56

< 0.01

Adults

 G. struthium

0 (−)

0 (−)

–

–

0 (–)

0 (–)

–

–

0 (–)

0 (–)

–

–

 H. squamatum

5 (8)

5 (2)

3.26

< 0.05

5 (7)

6 (4)

1.21

0.135

5 (4)

6 (7)

0.69

0.204

 H. syriacum

3 (6)

5 (2)

5.46

< 0.05

3 (15)

21 (9)

25.28

< 0.001

5 (9)

21 (17)

2.58

0.054

 T. vulgaris

12 (12)

4 (4)

0.02

0.449

12 (38)

49 (23)

45.50

< 0.001

4 (18)

49 (35)

20.25

< 0.001

 R. officinalis

3 (3)

1 (1)

0.00

0.474

3 (2)

1 (2)

0.31

0.289

1 (1)

1 (1)

0.23

0.314

 H. stoechas

2 (2)

0 (0)

1.08

0.150

2 (6)

8 (4)

7.34

< 0.01

0 (3)

8 (5)

6.50

< 0.01

 L. suffruticosum

0 (−)

0 (−)

–

–

0 (2)

3 (1)

5.78

< 0.01

0 (1)

3 (2)

2.44

0.059

 S. lagascae

0 (−)

0 (−)

–

–

0 (6)

10 (4)

19.28

< 0.001

0 (3)

10 (7)

8.13

< 0.01

 C. clusii

7 (6)

1 (2)

0.63

0.214

7 (11)

11 (7)

3.87

< 0.05

1 (4)

11 (8)

4.25

< 0.05