Public assessment of green infrastructure benefits and associated influencing factors in two Ethiopian cities: Bahir Dar and Hawassa

Gashu, Kassahun; Gebre-Egziabher, Tegegne

doi:10.1186/s12898-019-0232-1

Table 5 Chi-square value of bio-physical factors and benefits of green infrastructure in Hawassa and Bahir Dar (N = 215 each city).

From: Public assessment of green infrastructure benefits and associated influencing factors in two Ethiopian cities: Bahir Dar and Hawassa

Variables	Hawassa								Bahir Dar
	EnvB		EcoB		SocB		Total		EnVB		EcoB		SocB		Total
	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	N	%	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	N	%
	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	%	N	N	N	N	N	N	N	%
Type of green infrastructure
Public parks and open spaces	48	12	42	18	39	21	60	27.6	28	15	32	11	33	10	43	20.0
Squares, plaza festival sites and sport fields	38	12	31	19	31	19	50	23.3	42	13	41	14	40	15	55	25.58
Road medians and lake side view	63	20	65	18	61	22	83	38.6	74	30	78	26	60	44	104	48.37
Others not mentioned	16	6	19	3	15	7	22	10.2	10	3	11	2	12	1	13	6.05
Total	165	50	157	58	146	69	215	100	154	61	162	53	145	70	215	100
χ²(df = 3)	χ² = 1.41, p = 0.09		χ² = 2.12, p = 0.05		χ² = 1.3, p = 0.05				χ² = 1.69, p = 0.06		χ² = 0.65, p = 0.09		χ² = 10.56, p = 0.01*
Size of green infrastructure^a
Small	43	10	38	15	34	19	53	24.7	28	11	35	4	24	15	39	18.14
Medium	77	28	81	24	70	35	105	48.8	106	42	104	44	100	48	148	68.84
Large	45	12	38	19	42	15	57	26.5	20	8	23	5	21	7	28	13.02
Total	165	50	157	58	146	69	215	100	154	61	162	53	145	70	215	100
χ²(df = 2)	χ² = 1.41, p = 0.09		χ² = 2.12, p = 0.05		χ² = 1.3, p = 0.53				χ² = 0.001, p = 0.07		χ² = 7.10, p = 0.03*		χ² = 1.35, p = 0.51
Average distance of green infrastructure from home (walking distance)
< 10 min	61	21	59	23	55	27	82	38.1	22	7	18	11	18	11	29	13.49
Between 10 and 30 min	68	20	63	25	59	29	88	40.9	67	29	75	21	62	34	96	44.65
> 30 min	36	9	35	10	32	13	45	21.0	65	25	69	21	65	25	90	41.86
Total	165	50	157	58	146	69	215	100	154	61	162	53	145	70	215	100
χ²(df = 2)	χ² = 0.54, p = 0.76		χ² = 0.66, p = 0.72		χ² = 0.27, p = 0.87				χ² = 0.43, p = 0.81		χ² = 3.24, p = 0.198		χ² = 1.67, p = 0.43
Preferred visit moment
Evening	86	31	87	5	77	40	20	9.3	76	30	82	24	73	33	106	49.30
Afternoon	64	14	55	23	55	23	78	36.3	72	31	75	28	68	35	103	47.91
Morning	15	5	15	30	14	6	117	54.4	6	0	5	1	4	2	6	2.79
Total	165	50	157	58	146	69	215	100	154	61	162	53	145	70	215	100
χ²(df = 2)	χ² = 1.95, p = 0.34		χ² = 0.34, p = 0.82		χ² = 0.52, p = 0.77				χ² = 2.53, p = 0.28		χ² = 0.79, p = 0.67		χ² = 0.19, p = 0.91
Waiting time while visiting green infrastructure
< 1 h	65	21	63	23	55	31	86	40.0	81	31	84	28	77	35	112	52.09
Between 1 and 2 h	96	29	91	34	88	37	125	58.1	68	29	74	23	63	34	97	45.12
> 2 h	4	0	3	1	3	1	4	1.9	5	1	4	2	5	1	6	2.79
Total	165	50	157	58	146	69	215	100	154	61	162	53	145	70	215	100
χ²(df = 2)	χ² = 1.28, p = 0.53		χ² = 0.013, p = 0.99		χ² = 1.07, p = 0.587				χ² = 2.53, p = 0.28		χ² = 0.79, p = 0.67		χ² = 0.19, p = 0.91
Safety of green infrastructure
Safe	145	46	136	55	135	56	191	88.8	140	56	147	49	135	61	196	91.16
Not safe	20	4	21	3	11	13	24	11.2	14	5	15	4	10	9	19	8.84
Total	165	50	157	58	146	69	215	100	154	61	162	53	145	70	215	100
χ²(df = 1)	χ² = 0.66, p = 0.02*		χ² = 2.87, p = 0.03*		χ² = 6.04, p = 0.01*				χ² = 0.04, p = 0.04*		χ² = 0.15, p = 0.01*		χ² = 2.08, p = 0.05
Public transportation access to visit green infrastructures with reasonable cost
Accessible	106	29	94	41	85	50	135	62.8	134	41	131	44	119	56	175	81.40
Not accessible	59	21	63	17	61	19	80	37.8	20	20	31	9	26	14	40	18.60
Total	165	50	157	58	146	69	215	100	154	61	162	53	145	70	215	100
χ²(df = 1)	χ² = 0.64, p = 0.02*		χ² = 2.12, p = 0.04*		χ² = 4.07, p = 0.04*				χ² = 11.31, p = 0.001*		χ² = 0.12, p = 0.03*		χ² = 0.133, p = 0.02*
Status of green infrastructure visited
Fair	34	14	37	11	30	18	48	22.5	28	4	23	9	20	12	32	14.88
Good	47	13	45	15	43	17	60	27.9	70	34	77	27	70	34	104	48.37
Very good	66	17	59	24	56	27	83	38.6	43	16	45	14	39	20	59	27.44
Excellent	18	6	16	8	17	7	24	11.2	13	7	17	3	16	4	20	9.31
Total	165	50	157	58	146	69	215	100	154	61	162	53	145	70	215	100
χ²(df = 3)	χ² = 1.42, p = 0.05		χ² = 1.17, p = 0.06		χ² = 1.14, p = 0.77				χ² = 5.4, p = 0.05		χ² = 1.33, p = 0.07		χ² = 1.84, p = 0.01*

df degree of freedom, EnvB environmental benefit, EcoB economical benefit, SocB socio-cultural benefit
*p < 0.05
^aIn view of the predominance of the relatively small-sized holdings less than or equal to 200 m² were labeled small, those between 200 and 500 m² were labeled medium, and those more than 500 m² were labeled large [73]

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