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Table 1 GAM results for (a) predation of and (b) fox occurrence at artificial nests

From: No evidence for spatial variation in predation risk following restricted-area fox culling

(a) Model nest predation

Predictors

Estimate

SE

z-value

p-value

Intercept

− 0.463

0.255

− 1.819

0.069

Edge-Yes

0.097

0.265

0.367

0.714

Year-2018

0.323

0.283

1.141

0.254

Session-2

− 0.273

0.259

− 1.055

0.291

Predictors

Edf

χ 2

p-value

Prop. Forest

< 0.01

0

0.549

Edge Dist.

0.481

1.013

0.131

Hum. Dist.

< 0.01

0

0.809

Hunt. Bag

0.725

1.771

0.101

Fox Abund.

0.885

3.890

0.021

%shrub

< 0.01

0

0.760

Slope

0.581

1.267

0.128

NcV

< 0.01

0

0.508

NcH_1m

< 0.01

0

0.349

NcH_3m

0.502

0.973

0.158

NcH_can

< 0.01

0

0.790

(b) Model fox occurrence

Predictors

Estimate

SE

z-value

p-value

Intercept

− 1.047

0.296

− 3.542

< 0.001

Edge-Yes

0.047

0.276

0.171

0.864

Year-2018

0.558

0.303

1.843

0.065

Session-2

− 0.162

0.274

− 0.589

0.556

Pred.-Yes

1.514

0.270

5.600

< 0.001

Predictors

Edf

χ 2

p-value

Shannon

< 0.01

0

1.000

Edge Dist.

< 0.01

0

0.648

Hum. Dist.

< 0.01

0

0.893

Hunt. Bag

< 0.01

0

0.543

Fox Abund.

1.075

8.581

0.001

%shrub

< 0.01

0

0.310

Slope

0.323

0.470

0.220

NcV

0.328

0.406

0.261

  1. Edge-Yes: artificial nest within 100 m of forest habitat edge; Prop. Forest: proportion of land cover forest within 250 m around plot; Shannon: Shannon index of landscape heterogeneity; Edge Dist: Distance to forest edge; Hum. Dist: distance to closest settlement; Hunt. Bag: size of normalized hunting bag in area around plot (foxes/km2); Fox Abund: emprirical fox abundance in landscape around plot (mean nr. foxes); %shrub: percentage of ground covered by structures hindering fox movement; Nc: nest cover (vertical; horizontal at three levels: 1 m, 3 m and canopy level)
  2. Parameter estimates, standard errors and p-values are provided for factor covariates (top section); estimated degrees of freedom and p-values (without considering uncertainty in smoothing parameter estimates) are provided for the smooth terms (bottom section). Predictors of Fig. 2 are highlighted italics