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Table 2 The details on fertility, pest and water management of the farming systems

From: The impact of conventional and organic farming on soil biodiversity conservation: a case study on termites in the long-term farming systems comparison trials in Kenya

Farming system

Year

Season

Crop

Fertilizer management

Total N applied (kg ha−1)

Total P applied (kg ha−1)

Pest and disease management

Water management

Conv-Low

2014

LS

Maize (Zea mays var. H513)/Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. GLP 92)

5 t ha−1 of fresh FYM, 50 kg ha−1 DAP

31

18

Synthetic pesticides

Rain fed

2014

SS

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. GLP 92)

No fertilizer application

NA

NA

2015

LS

Maize (Zea mays var. H513)/Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. GLP 92)

5 t ha−1 of fresh FYM, 50 kg ha−1 DAP

31

18

Org-Low

2014

LS

Maize (Zea mays var. H513)/Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. GLP 92)

5 t ha−1 FYM-based compost, 100 kg ha−1 RP, 136 kg ha−1 Tithonia mulch

31

18

Biological pesticide

Rain fed

2014

SS

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. GLP 92)

No fertilizer application

NA

NA

2015

LS

Maize (Zea mays var. H513)/Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. GLP 92)

5 t ha−1 FYM-based compost, 100 kg ha−1 RP, 136 kg ha−1 Tithonia mulch

31

18

Conv-High

2014

LS

Baby corn (Zea mays var. Pannar 14)

113 t ha−1 FYM, 200 kg ha−1 DAP, 100 kg ha−1 CAN

113

60

Synthetic pesticides

Irrigation

2014

SS

French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. Serengeti)

75 t ha−1 FYM, 200 kg ha−1 DAP, 100 kg ha−1 CAN

113

60

2015

LS

Baby corn (Zea mays var. Pannar 14)

113 t ha−1 FYM, 200 kg ha−1 DAP, 100 kg ha−1 CAN

113

60

Org-High

2014

LS

Baby corn (Zea mays var. Pannar 14)/Mucuna pruriens

113 t ha−1 FYM-compost, 364 kg ha−1 RP, 54 t ha−1Tithonia mulch and 39 t ha−1Tithonia tea

113

60

Biological pesticide

Irrigation

2014

SS

French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. Serengeti)

113 t ha−1 FYM-compost, 364 kg ha−1 RP, 54 t ha−1Tithonia mulch and 39 t ha−1Tithonia tea

113

60

2015

LS

Baby corn (Zea mays var. Pannar 14)/Mucuna pruriens

113 t ha−1 FYM-compost, 364 kg ha−1 RP, 54 t ha−1Tithonia mulch and 39 t ha−1Tithonia tea

113

60

  1. The treatment details and the cropping pattern of the long-term farming systems comparisons trials at Chuka and Thika, the Central Highlands of Kenya ([29], modified); NB: Compost preparation starts with the indicated amount of FYM and was applied at planting; CAN was applied as top-dressing in two splits; Tithonian mulch was applied after crop germination as starter N; The organic high input system also received maize stover and Mucuna intercropped with baby corn in the 1st season of 2014 and 2015 which was uprooted after harvest and incorporated following season; Assumptions: FYM/compost (DW): 1.12% total N and 0.3% P; The DM of FYM is assumed to be 40%; Tithonia diversifolia (DW): 3.3% N; 0.31% P; 3.1% K; DM of Tithonia = 20%; Phosphate rock from West Africa: 11–13% P
  2. Conv-Low conventional low input farming system, Org-Low organic low input farming system, Conv-High conventional high input farming system, Org-High organic high input farming system, LS long rain season, SS short rain seasons, CAN calcium ammonium nitrate, DAP di-ammonium phosphate, TSP triple superphosphate, RP rock phosphate, FYM farm yard manure